Table 1. Comparison of Baseline Characteristics.
| Variable | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Preterm formula fortification (n = 59) | Human milk fortifier (n = 63) | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||
| Gestational hypertension | 2 (3) | 4 (6) |
| Preeclampsia/eclampsia | 11 (19) | 7 (11) |
| Umbilical artery doppler changes | ||
| AEDF | 6 (10) | 7 (11) |
| REDF | 9 (15) | 9 (14) |
| Multiple pregnancies | 21 (36) | 25 (40) |
| Received antenatal corticosteroids | ||
| 1 Course | 18 (31) | 22 (35) |
| 2 Course | 6 (10) | 8 (13) |
| Incomplete | 31 (53) | 31 (49) |
| Not given | 5 (9) | 2 (3) |
| Neonatal characteristics | ||
| Gestation, mean (SD), wk | 30.5 (2.2) | 29.9 (2.2) |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 1161 (251) | 1119 (265) |
| Intrauterine growth | ||
| SGA | 22 (37) | 22 (35) |
| AGA | 38 (64) | 40 (64) |
| Infant sex | ||
| Male | 29 (49) | 39 (62) |
| IUGR | 33 (56) | 30 (47.6) |
| Apgar, median (IQR) | ||
| At 1 min | 7 (3-7) | 7 (3-7) |
| At 5 min | 8 (7-8) | 8 (7-8) |
| Received PN | 27 (45) | 30 (47) |
| Age at starting PN, median (IQR), da | 1 (1-2) | 1 (1-2) |
| Age at stopping PN, median (IQR), da | 8 (6-11) | 9 (7-11) |
| Total duration of PN, median (IQR), da | 7 (5-10) | 7 (6-10) |
| Age at initiation of enteral feeds, median (IQR), d | 1 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) |
| Age of attainment of enteral intake 100 mL/kg/d, median (IQR), d | 4 (2-6.5) | 4 (2-9) |
| Age at enrollment, median (IQR), d | 7 (5-10) | 8 (4-11) |
| Weight at enrollment, mean (SD), g | 1038 (350) | 1074 (323) |
| Length at enrollment, mean (SD), cm | 37.5 (3.8) | 36.4 (3.5) |
| HC at enrollment, mean (SD), cm | 26.6 (1.7) | 26.2 (2.3) |
| Mean fluid volume at enrollment, mean (SD), mL/kg/d | 144 (17.6) | 146 (16) |
Abbreviations: AGA, appropriate for gestational age; AEDF, absent end diastolic flow; HC, head circumference; IQR, interquartile range; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; LGA, large for gestational age; PN, parenteral nutrition; REDF, reversed end diastolic flow; SGA, small for gestational age.
a
Data shown for neonates who received any parenteral nutrition.