Table. Strain-Stratified Vaccine Protection During the 2-Year Efficacy Period.
| Characteristic | RV1 | RV5 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observations, No. | RR or OR (95% CI)a | P valueb | Observations, No. | RR or OR (95% CI)a | P valueb | |
| RCTsc | ||||||
| High-income countries | ||||||
| Single-antigen vaccine type strain | 4 | 0.054 (0.022-0.130) | NA | 4 | 0.056 (0.036-0.088) | NA |
| Single-antigen nonvaccine type strain | 9 | 0.123 (0.076-0.198) | .11 | 2 | 0.098 (0.010-0.945) | .63 |
| Middle-income countries | ||||||
| Homotypic strain | 3 | 0.248 (0.139-0.444) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Partly heterotypic strain | 7 | 0.200 (0.131-0.306) | .56 | NA | NA | NA |
| Fully heterotypic strain | 3 | 0.333 (0.191-0.581) | .47 | NA | NA | NA |
| Single-antigen vaccine type strain | 4 | 0.293 (0.196-0.438) | NA | 13 | 0.533 (0.423-0.672) | NA |
| Single-antigen nonvaccine type strain | 10 | 0.204 (0.151-0.276) | .16 | 8 | 0.443 (0.285-0.690) | .47 |
| Low-income countries | ||||||
| Single-antigen vaccine type strain | 2 | 0.558 (0.315-0.991) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Single-antigen nonvaccine type strain | 6 | 0.485 (0.336-0.701) | .69 | NA | NA | NA |
| Case-control studiesd | ||||||
| High-income countries | ||||||
| Homotypic strain | 3 | 0.096 (0.030-0.313) | NA | 2 | 0.156 (0.091-0.268) | NA |
| Partly heterotypic strain | 3 | 0.188 (0.063-0.555) | .41 | 3 | 0.135 (0.041-0.445) | .83 |
| Fully heterotypic strain | 3 | 0.178 (0.107-0.295) | .35 | NA | NA | NA |
| Single-antigen vaccine type strain | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 0.165 (0.101-0.271) | NA |
| Single-antigen nonvaccine type strain | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 0.215 (0.105-0.441) | .56 |
| Middle-income countries | ||||||
| Homotypic strain | 2 | 0.116 (0.065-0.217) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Partly heterotypic strain | 4 | 0.457 (0.264-0.579) | .001 | NA | NA | NA |
| Fully heterotypic strain | 6 | 0.335 (0.197-0.569) | .005 | NA | NA | NA |
| Single-antigen vaccine type strain | 2 | 0.458 (0.147-1.427) | NA | 5 | 0.354 (0.249-0.503) | NA |
| Single-antigen nonvaccine type strain | 4 | 0.592 (0.310-1.129) | .70 | 3 | 0.176 (0.039-0.793) | .38 |
| Low-income countries | ||||||
| Single-antigen vaccine type strain | 1 | 0.201 (0.065-0.617) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Single-antigen nonvaccine type strain | 2 | 0.516 (0.232-1.147) | .21 | NA | NA | NA |
| Cohort studiese | ||||||
| Middle-income countries | ||||||
| Homotypic strain | 2 | 0.276 (0.096-0.794) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Partly heterotypic strain | 3 | 0.436 (0.183-1.039) | .25 | NA | NA | NA |
| Fully heterotypic strain | 4 | 0.429 (0.185-0.996) | .26 | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RCTs, randomized clinical trials; RR, relative risk; RV1, monovalent rotavirus vaccine; RV5, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine; RVGE, rotavirus gastroenteritis.
a
Relative risks are used in the RCT portion of this Table, and ORs are used in the case-control studies portion.
b
P values were the differences of vaccine protection against partly heterotypic or fully heterotypic strains compared with homotypic strains; the differences of vaccine protection against single-antigen nonvaccine type strains compared with single-antigen vaccine type strains.