. 2021 Mar 26;23(9):3191–3206. doi: 10.1039/d1gc00561h

Examples of alternative solvents for biocatalysis which can be bio-derived. The safety rank of the solvent is as noted in the CHEM 21 report¹¹⁸ or, if not listed in the report, by a review of the Woodley group²².

Solvent	log P	Safety rank	Starting material and process
Cyrene¹³³	−1.52	Not classified	Pyrolysis and hydrolysis of cellulose
Ethanol¹²⁷	−0.18	Recomm.	Fermentation on sugars
2-Me-THF^105,134	1.1	Problematic	Based on the hydrogenation and dehydration of sugars
CPME¹³⁵	1.6	Problematic	Dehydration of pentoses, via cyclopentanol
1-Octanol^a ¹²⁷	3.5	Recomm.	Various aldol condensation, hydrogenation and dehydration steps on sugars based intermediates
p-Cymene¹³⁰	4.1	Problematic	Extraction from citrus waste. Subsequent isomerization and dehydrogenation
Limonene¹³⁰	4.4	Problematic	Extraction from citrus waste

1-Octanol is used here as an example of a long chain, apolar solvent which could be synthesized from biorenewables, but at the expense of relatively long synthesis routes. More examples are found in the following review:¹²⁷

Examples of alternative solvents for biocatalysis which can be bio-derived. The safety rank of the solvent is as noted in the CHEM 21 report118 or, if not listed in the report, by a review of the Woodley group22.

Examples of alternative solvents for biocatalysis which can be bio-derived. The safety rank of the solvent is as noted in the CHEM 21 report¹¹⁸ or, if not listed in the report, by a review of the Woodley group²².