Cell viability and anchorage-independent growth of HT29 cells are inhibited by QYJD treatment. (A, B) Bar graphs showing cell viability of HT29 cells after treatment with different concentrations of QYJD, matrine and oxymatrine for 24 h. Note that the concentrations are in mg/mL for QYJD and mM for matrine and oxymatrine. (C) Colony formation of wild-type and Nrf2 knockout HT29 cells. Representative colony images of wild-type (shMock) and Nrf2 knockout (shNrf2) HT29 cells treated with different concentrations of QYJD (left) and data from three independent experiments (right). All experiments were performed three times. *P < 0:05, **P < 0:01, ***P < 0:001, one-way ANOVA; compared to the vehicle-treated group.