QYJD induces ARE-luciferase activity in HepG2-C8 cells and activates mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes in HT29 cells. (A) Relative luciferase activity induced by QYJD, matrine and oxymatrine in HepG2-C8 cells. Data are presented as a fold change compared to the vehicle (0.1% DMSO)-treated group. (B–D) Relative mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 induced by QYJD, matrine and oxymatrine in HT29 cells. All experiments were performed three times. *P < 0:05, **P < 0:01, one-way ANOVA; compared to the vehicle-treated group.