TABLE 1.
Clinical and biochemical outcomes and remission of comorbidities for patients with obesity receiving bariatric surgery at baseline, 12-months and 3-years, respectively, after surgery.
| Clinical parameters | All patients at baseline (n = 1179) | All patients 12 months post-surgery (n = 768) | p | Patients at baseline (%) (n = 1035) | Patients at 1-years post-surgery (%) (n = 756) | Patients at 3-years post-surgery (%) (n = 276) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 131.70 ± 0.83 | 86.26 ± 0.60 | *** | - | - | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 46.61 ± 0.24 | 30.25 ± 0.17 | *** | - | - | - |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 47.62 ± 0.19 | 35.67 ± 0.13 | *** | - | - | - |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 130.19 ± 0.55 | 98.48 ± 0.48 | *** | - | - | - |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 135.27 ± 0.50 | 106.27 ± 0.42 | *** | - | - | - |
| BP (S) RR < 130 mmHg | 145.37 ± 0.47 | 125.40 ± 0.57 | *** | - | - | - |
| BP (D) < 85 mmHg | 86.27 ± 0.34 | 75.36 ± 0.39 | *** | - | - | - |
| Heart rate (pulse/min) | 79.32 ± 0.37 | 63.39 ± 0.39 | *** | - | - | - |
| Number of comorbidities† | 6.79 ± 0.06 | 1.35 ± 0.06 | *** | - | - | - |
| Biochemical parameter | ||||||
| F-Glucose (mmol/L) RR: 3.9–6.0 |
5.64 ± 0.06 | 4.75 ± 0.03 | *** | - | - | - |
| HbA1c (%) RR: 4.0–6.0 |
5.93 ± 0.04 | 5.11 ± 0.06 | *** | - | - | - |
| F-TG (mmol/L) RR: 0.5–1.6 |
1.72 ± 0.03 | 1.10 ± 0.02 | *** | - | - | - |
| F-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) RR: 1.0–1.6 |
1.18 ± 0.01 | 1.33 ± 0.01 | *** | - | - | - |
| F-LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) RR: 1.6–2.9 |
3.32 ± 0.03 | 2.34 ± 0.03 | *** | - | - | - |
| GGT (U/L) RR: < 60 |
36.17 ± 1.02 | 23.60 ± 1.16 | *** | - | - | - |
| ALT (U/L) RR: < 50 |
32.01 ± 0.64 | 32.53 ± 1.27 | 0.69 | - | - | - |
| AST (U/L) RR: < 38 |
25.68 ± 0.43 | 28.13 ± 0.74 | ** | - | - | - |
| CRP (mg/L) RR: < 5 |
11.29 ± 0.29 | 3.27 ± 0.28 | *** | - | - | - |
| Comorbidities† | ||||||
| Sleep apnoea | - | - | - | 67.6 | 7.4 | 7.25 |
| Renal calculi | - | - | - | 9.8 | 2.7 | 1.1 |
| Pulmonary embolism | - | - | - | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Oesophageal reflux or erosions | - | - | - | 76.4 | 19.6 | 28.7 |
| NAFLD or NASH | - | - | - | 76.3 | 15.9 | 15.9 |
| Lymphoedema | - | - | - | 64.0 | 13.8 | 11.2 |
| Insulin resistance | - | - | - | 75.2 | 27.1 | 30.1 |
| T2DM and IGTT | - | - | - | 33.0 | 5.2 | 5.4 |
| Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Dyslipidaemia | - | - | - | 60.5 | 22.7 | 21.4 |
| CVA | - | - | - | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Coronary heart disease | - | - | - | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Cardiomyopathy | - | - | - | 7.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
| Gallbladder disease | - | - | - | 18.7 | 4.6 | 2.2 |
| Asthma and COPD | - | - | - | 14.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 |
Note: Values expressed in mean ± SEM. Unpaired t-test Baseline versus 1- and 3-year post-surgery.
BMI, body mass index; RR, reference range; BP(S), blood pressure systolic; BP(D), blood pressure diastolic; F-glucose fasting glucose; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; F-TG, fasting triglyceride; F-HDL, fasting high density lipoproteins; F-LDL, fasting low density lipoproteins; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALT, alanine amino transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; IGTT, impaired glucose tolerance; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
, p < 0.05;
, p < 0.01;
, p < 0.0001.
, Significant remission of comorbidities within 12 months after surgery and maintained remission for up to 3 years post-surgery.