Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 May 11;18:108. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02156-5

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — IL-9 activates the Notch1 pathway and promotes inflammatory cytokines production in astrocytes. Primary mouse astrocytes were incubated in a serum-free medium overnight followed by treating with IL-9 at the indicated time point. a The expression changes of GFAP, NICD, and p-STAT3 were analyzed by Western blot assay. b Immunofluorescent staining for GFAP (green), Notch1 (red), and nuclear staining of DAPI (blue) in cultured astrocytes with IL-9 treatment for 6 h. Scale bars, 50 μm. c The mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10, and MCP-1 in astrocytes were detected using real-time PCR assay. d The secretion levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IP-10, and MCP-1 in the supernatant of astrocytes were measured by CBA assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus DMEM group (one-way ANOVA). The data are from three independent experiments and represented as the mean ± SEM