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. 2021 May 11;18:108. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02156-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Inhibition of Gm13568 downregulates Notch1 signaling activation as well as inflammatory cytokine production in astrocytes by IL-9. a Primary mouse astrocytes were infected with recombinant lentivirus, LV-Inhibit-Gm13568 and LV-ctrl, for 72 h, respectively. Then, the astrocytes were incubated in a serum-free medium overnight followed by IL-9 stimulation for 6 h. Western blot assay was used for measuring the protein expressions of GFAP, Notch1/NICD, and p-STAT3. b The mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IP-10 in astrocytes were measured by real-time PCR assay. c The secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 in the supernatant of astrocytes were analyzed by CBA assay. The data are represented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 versus DMEM group; ^##p < 0.01 and ^###p < 0.001 versus LV-ctrl+IL-9 group (one-way ANOVA, the two-tailed Student’s t test)