Table 2.
Biochemical and metabolic changes from baseline to month 12 in 486 patients with NAFLD presenting abnormal levels of both GGT and ALT at baseline
| Variables | Both GGT and ALT normalization (N = 53) | ALT normalization only (N = 53) | GGT normalization only (N = 73) | Both GGT and ALT abnormal (N = 307) | P | Post-hoc | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a versus 2a | 1a versus 3a | 1a versus 4a | 2a versus 3a | 2a versus 4a | 3a versus 4a | ||||||
| Weight change (kg | − 6.3 ± 12.1 | − 0.1 ± 4.0 | − 2.1 ± 4.0 | − 0.5 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.61 | 0.04 |
| Weight change (%) | − 6.7 ± 9.5 | 0.1 ± 6.0 | − 2.6 ± 4.9 | − 0.6 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | − 2.2 ± 4.5 | − 0.1 ± 0.8 | − 0.7 ± 1.4 | − 0.2 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 0.03 |
| Waist-hip ratio | − 0.03 ± 0.1 | − 0.01 ± 0.1 | − 0.01 ± 0.1 | − 0.01 ± 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.92 | 0.70 | 0.75 |
| ALT (U/L) | − 57 (− 74,− 32) | − 43 (− 73,− 23) | − 62 (− 96,− 25) | − 9 (− 41,0) | 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.55 | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | − 21 (− 30,− 7) | − 15 (− 34,− 3) | − 19 (− 50,− 5) | 0 (− 17,2) | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| GGT (U/L) | − 46 (− 60,− 33) | − 27 (− 96,0) | − 33 (− 50,− 22) | − 5 (− 42,0) | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| ALP (U/L) | − 5 (− 12,0) | 0 (− 13,5) | 0 (− 16,6) | 0 (− 7,2) | 0.28 | ||||||
| TBil (umol/L) | − 0.8 ± 5.5 | − 4.8 ± 13.6 | 0.3 ± 5.1 | − 0.6 ± 7.6 | 0.11 | ||||||
| DBil (umol/L) | − 0.4 ± 2.7 | − 1.6 ± 6.2 | − 0.2 ± 1.9 | − 0.3 ± 3.3 | 0.20 | ||||||
| TBA (umol/L) | − 0.1 ± 2.8 | − 0.7 ± 3.5 | − 0.2 ± 2.0 | − 0.4 ± 6.7 | 0.97 | ||||||
| LDH (U/L) | − 10.4 ± 48.0 | − 7.9 ± 25.1 | − 12.1 ± 34.0 | − 6.6 ± 28.9 | 0.69 | ||||||
| CHE (U/L) | − 344 (− 1431,− 179) | − 179 (− 334,0) | − 344 (− 806,− 179) | − 344 (− 334,0) | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.32 |
| LAP (U/L) | − 2.1 ± 20.4 | − 7.2 ± 15.4 | − 3.1 ± 12.1 | − 4.5 ± 16.6 | 0.57 | ||||||
| GLDH (U/L) | − 0.8 ± 6.9 | − 1.3 ± 5.7 | − 1.3 ± 3.9 | − 1.1 ± 7.1 | 0.98 | ||||||
| FIB-4 index | 0.1 ± 1.1 | − 0.1 ± 0.3 | − 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.80 | ||||||
| UA (umol/L) | − 29 (− 100,0) | − 3 (− 92,15) | − 19 (− 61,0) | 0 (− 24,0) | 0.13 | ||||||
| CHOL (mmol/L) | − 1.0 ± 1.7 | − 0.2 ± 1.1 | − 0.7 ± 1.5 | − 0.3 ± 1.2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.70 | 0.10 |
| TG (mmol/L) | − 0.6 ± 1.2 | − 0.3 ± 0.7 | − 0.4 ± 0.9 | − 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.33 | ||||||
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | − 0.1 ± 0.3 | − 0.1 ± 0.2 | − 0.1 ± 0.4 | − 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.84 | ||||||
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | − 0.7 ± 1.2 | − 0.2 ± 0.7 | − 0.3 ± 0.8 | − 0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.84 | 0.54 | 0.31 |
| FFA (mmol/L) | − 56 (− 226,0) | − 0 (− 56,0) | 0 (− 56,0) | − 53 (− 56,0) | 0.05 | ||||||
| APOA (mmol/L) | − 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | − 0.1 ± 0.2 | − 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.46 | ||||||
| APOB (mmol/L) | − 0.1 ± 0.3 | − 0.1 ± 0.2 | − 0.1 ± 0.2 | − 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.66 | ||||||
| APOE (mmol/L) | − 8 (− 14,0) | − 1 (− 7,0) | − 1 (− 9,0) | 0 (− 7,0) | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.67 |
| LPA (mmol/L) | 7 (0,42) | 6 (0,27) | 0 (− 11,16) | 0 (0,11) | 0.62 | ||||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | − 0.4 ± 1.5 | − 0.2 ± 1.0 | − 0.3 ± 0.6 | − 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.23 | ||||||
| FINS (uU/mL) | − 2.0 ± 4.5 | − 1.2 ± 3.6 | − 0.2 ± 3.4 | 0.1 ± 4.2 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.74 |
| HOMA-IR | − 0.7 ± 1.2 | − 0.5 ± 1.0 | − 0.2 ± 0.9 | − 0.1 ± 1.1 | 0.01 | 0.57 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.63 |
Data are median (first quartile, third quartile) or mean ± SD (standard deviation)
a1—both GGT and ALT normalization group; 2—ALT normalization only group; 3—GGT normalization only group; 4—both GGT and ALT abnormal group