Fig. 4.

TGF-β1 regulated Ang1 and VEGF expression and secretion in DPSCs. a, b Western blot analysis of the expression of Ang1 in DPSCs, HBVPs, and SMCs. c–e Western blot analysis of the expression of Ang1 and VEGF in DPSCs treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. f, g ELISA analysis of the level of Ang1 and VEGF in conditioned media from DPSCs and T-DPSCs at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. h–j Western blot analysis of the expression of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in DPSCs treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) at 15, 30, and 60 min. Data are mean ± standard error for n = 3 replicates, *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001