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. 2021 Apr 14;12:633821. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633821

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Copyright © 2021 Chasset, Dayer and Chizzolini.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of pathways leading to interferon (IFN) production and IFN responses in many cell types. Highlighted the intracellular sensors of viral and endogenous DNA/RNA; the main interferon regulatory factors; the primary response characterized by IFN-beta production with autocrine and paracrine responses. Abbreviations: IFNAR: interferon-alpha/beta receptor; ISGF: interferon-stimulated gene factor; ISRE: interferon-stimulated response element; IRF: interferon regulatory factor; JAK: Janus kinase; MDA5: melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5; RIG-1: retinoic acid inducible gene-1; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; STING: stimulator of interferon genes; Tyk: tyrosine kinase. Dashed line: negative feedback response.