Experimental design, accelerometer signals, and relationship between FOG and motor /cognitive characteristics of PD. (A) In this task, a black “warning” cue appeared to alert the subject to pay attention. Within 1000–2000 ms, a green GO cue instructed subject to complete one rotation of the pedals. (B) Accelerometer signals were collected from tri-axial accelerometer and segmented from the GO-cue (−500 to 2500 ms) and averaged to plot the mean trace of X-, Y-, and Z-axes, in control, PDFOG−, and PDFOG+ participants. (C) FOG questionnaire scores as a measurement of lower-extremity impairment showed a significant positive correlation with UPDRS III scores and a significant negative correlation with MOCA scores (left side and middle). Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between disease duration (DD) and FOG (right side), but not DD and MOCA scores. *p<0.05; **p<0.01. rho = correlation coefficients; FOG: Freezing of Gait; PDFOG−: PD patients without FOG; PDFOG+: PD patients with FOG. UPDRS III: motor Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment.