Table 3.

Evidence for parent-delivered interventions: facilitated tucking.

Author (year), country	Study design	Population, setting	Type of pain, intervention	Key findings
Axelin et al. (58), Finland	RCT	20 preterm infants, GA 24–33 weeks, NICU	Endotracheal and pharyngeal suctioning, facilitated tucking vs. control care (no intervention)	Lower NIPS score than no intervention
Axelin et al. (59), Finland	RCT	20 preterm infants, GA 28–32 weeks, NICU	Heel stick and pharyngeal suctioning, facilitated tucking vs. oral glucose vs. opioid (oxycodone) vs. placebo (oral water)	Lower NIPS and PIPP scores

RCT, randomized control trial; GA, gestational age; NIPS, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale; PIPP, premature infant pain profile.