TABLE 5.
Vitamin A intake from food, breast milk, a simulated dietary supplementation program, and a simulated oil fortification program in children <5 y of age by zone using data from the Cameroon National Micronutrient Survey 2009, estimated using the UCD/NCI SIMPLE macro1
| Intake, by zone | n | Inadequate intake, % | Total nutrient intake, μg RAE/d | Nutrient intake from supplements, μg RAE/d | 25th percentile of total nutrient intake, μg RAE/d | 50th percentile (median) of total nutrient intake, μg RAE/d | 75th percentile of total nutrient intake, μg RAE/d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A intake from food | |||||||
| Overall | 872 | 64.2 ± 6.5 | 212 ± 7 | 0 ± 0 | 77 ± 7 | 157 ± 9 | 288 ± 9 |
| South | 301 | 44.2 ± 11.7 | 290 ± 12 | 0 ± 0 | 141 ± 16 | 240 ± 15 | 385 ± 15 |
| North | 295 | 92.7 ± 4.9 | 101 ± 5 | 0 ± 0 | 48 ± 5 | 80 ± 5 | 130 ± 6 |
| Cities | 276 | 61.2 ± 8.1 | 214 ± 8 | 0 ± 0 | 95 ± 12 | 175 ± 12 | 292 ± 11 |
| Vitamin A intake from food and breast milk2 | |||||||
| Overall | 872 | 50.2 ± 2.2 | 254 ± 6 | 0 ± 0 | 119 ± 12 | 222 ± 11 | 329 ± 9 |
| South | 301 | 33.9 ± 4.8 | 333 ± 11 | 0 ± 0 | 185 ± 22 | 289 ± 16 | 452 ± 23 |
| North | 295 | 68.2 ± 2.2 | 161 ± 5 | 0 ± 0 | 81 ± 8 | 136 ± 7 | 251 ± 3 |
| Cities | 276 | 56.1 ± 2.8 | 227 ± 7 | 0 ± 0 | 119 ± 17 | 197 ± 13 | 308 ± 11 |
| Vitamin A intake from food, breast milk, and a simulated dietary supplementation program3 | |||||||
| Overall | 872 | 11.8 ± 2.2 | 404 ± 6 | 150 ± 0 | 270 ± 11 | 373 ± 11 | 487 ± 8 |
| South | 301 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 482 ± 11 | 150 ± 0 | 335 ± 21 | 445 ± 16 | 605 ± 20 |
| North | 295 | 18.8 ± 3.0 | 312 ± 5 | 150 ± 0 | 239 ± 8 | 290 ± 7 | 412 ± 5 |
| Cities | 276 | 13.4 ± 2.2 | 378 ± 7 | 151 ± 0 | 269 ± 16 | 353 ± 13 | 465 ± 11 |
| Vitamin A intake from food, breast milk, a simulated dietary supplementation program, and a simulated oil fortification program4 | |||||||
| Overall | 872 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 499 ± 8 | 150 ± 0 | 341 ± 14 | 462 ± 10 | 620 ± 12 |
| South | 301 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 541 ± 13 | 150 ± 0 | 374 ± 20 | 506 ± 15 | 691 ± 23 |
| North | 295 | 7.8 ± 1.5 | 400 ± 8 | 150 ± 0 | 299 ± 12 | 396 ± 10 | 480 ± 8 |
| Cities | 276 | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 563 ± 12 | 150 ± 0 | 384 ± 24 | 537 ± 17 | 726 ± 16 |
Values are mean ± SE. Table reformatted from the output of the SIMPLE macro. NCI, National Cancer Institute; RAE, retinol activity equivalent; SIMPLE, Simulating Intake of Micronutrients for Policy Learning and Engagement; UCD, University of California, Davis.
We assumed that breastfed children in the North, South, and Cities consumed 550.6, 232.2, and 473.2 μg RAE/d of vitamin A from breast milk, respectively. The regional variation in vitamin A intake from breast milk reflects differing estimates of breast-milk vitamin A concentrations by region.
The simulated dietary supplementation program was assumed to deliver a daily dose of 167 μg retinol to a random sample of 90% of the target population.
The simulated oil fortification program was assumed to fortify all industrially refined cooking oil with 12 μg retinol/g of oil.