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. 2021 Mar 9;151(5):1128–1138. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa435

TABLE 2.

Cardiometabolic variables in pregnant women with obesity at risk of gestational diabetes that were or were not supplemented with blueberries and soluble fiber for 18 wk of pregnancy1

Variable by group Baseline2 Midpoint3 End4 P value5 (group) P value5 (time) P value5 (interaction)
Body weight, kg 0.13 <0.001 0.001
 Intervention 88 ± 10 92 ± 10 95 ± 11
 Control 92 ± 12 97 ± 12 103 ± 11
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg 0.16 0.30 0.30
 Intervention 124 ± 11 120 ± 14 116 ± 16
 Control 122 ± 14 127 ± 9 123 ± 11
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg 0.01 0.04 0.47
 Intervention 74 ± 10 76 ± 7 73 ± 8
 Control 74 ± 9 81 ± 5 78 ± 7
Serum glucose, mg/dL 0.13 0.02 0.27
 Intervention 81 ± 10 85 ± 10 84 ± 19
 Control 82 ± 15 95 ± 22 95 ± 25
Serum HbA1c, % 0.05 0.03 0.01
 Intervention 4.6 ± 0.5 4.3 ± 0.7 4.5 ± 0.8
 Control 4.5 ± 0.5 5.0 ± 0.6 5.2 ± 0.7
Serum insulin, μIU/mL 0.92 0.003 0.37
 Intervention 23.1 ± 17.4 29.4 ± 20.1 35.1 ± 20.5
 Control 20.2 ± 17.5 33.7 ± 18.9 32.1 ± 17.4
HOMA-IR 0.88 0.04 0.96
 Intervention 4.4 ± 3.8 5.9 ± 5.8 6.6 ± 5.8
 Control 4.3 ± 4.2 6.3 ± 4.1 7.0 ± 3.3
Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL 0.11 <0.001 0.14
 Intervention 202 ± 47 220 ± 45 227 ± 43
 Control 175 ± 30 198 ± 30 216 ± 28
Serum LDL cholesterol, mg/dL 0.14 <0.001 0.86
 Intervention 111 ± 37 123 ± 35 129 ± 35
 Control 95 ± 20 108 ± 19 117 ± 23
Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dL 0.37 0.07 0.18
 Intervention 62 ± 16 64 ± 15 62 ± 15
 Control 56 ± 10 58 ± 10 61 ± 13
Serum triglycerides, mg/dL 0.12 0.005 0.81
 Intervention 183 ± 78 212 ± 69 221 ± 71
 Control 157 ± 42 177 ± 39 196 ± 61
Serum CRP, mg/L 0.27 0.08 0.002
 Intervention 6.1 ± 4.0 6.1 ± 3.7 5.5 ± 2.2
 Control 6.8 ± 7.2 7.5 ± 7.3 9.5 ± 6.6
Serum adiponectin, μg/mL 0.42 0.06 0.70
 Intervention 9.3 ± 5.2 9.9 ± 5.3 10.7 ± 6.3
 Control 8.2 ± 3.9 8.8 ± 3.7 8.9 ± 4.2
Serum IL-6, pg/mL 0.37 <0.001 0.08
 Intervention 22.4 ± 7.4 23.5 ± 5.3 25.1 ± 6.5
 Control 18.8 ± 7.3 20.5 ± 6.3 26.0 ± 7.2
1

n = 17 in each group. Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Intervention: blueberry + soluble fiber; control: standard prenatal care. CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.

2

Gestational week 16.0 ± 3.8 for intervention and 14.5 ± 4.4 for control.

3

Gestational week 26.5 ± 1.3 for intervention and 26.0 ± 1.2 for control.

4

Gestational week 34.0 ± 1.3 for intervention and 33.0 ± 2.3 for control.

5

P from mixed-model ANOVA.