TABLE 4.

Background daily dietary nutrient and food group intakes in pregnant women with obesity at risk of gestational diabetes that were or were not supplemented with blueberries and soluble fiber for 18 wk of pregnancy¹

Variable by group	Baseline2	Midpoint3	End4	P value5 (group)	P value5 (time)	P value5 (interaction)
Energy, kcal/d				0.06	<0.001	0.46
Intervention	2060 ± 155	2190 ± 183	2470 ± 186
Control	2130 ± 179	2320 ± 174	2590 ± 159
Carbohydrate, g/d				0.005	<0.001	0.005
Intervention	255 ± 21	259 ± 22	285 ± 26
Control	265 ± 27	286 ± 26	321 ± 29
Fat, g/d				<0.001	<0.001	0.23
Intervention	82 ± 9	78 ± 9	88 ± 10
Control	75 ± 7	90 ± 8	100 ± 8
Protein, g/d				0.38	<0.001	0.01
Intervention	92 ± 20	108 ± 21	133 ± 14
Control	82 ± 13	89 ± 11	105 ± 15
Vitamin E, mg/d				0.06	0.001	0.49
Intervention	9 ± 2	10 ± 3	11 ± 2
Control	11 ± 3	11 ± 2	12 ± 4
Vitamin C, mg/d				0.33	0.01	0.61
Intervention	45 ± 13	46 ± 12	49 ± 12
Control	41 ± 11	43 ± 10	46 ± 10
Iron, mg/d				0.46	0.15	0.88
Intervention	20 ± 3	20 ± 2	21 ± 3
Control	19 ± 5	19 ± 5	20 ± 4
Calcium, mg/d				0.19	0.01	0.22
Intervention	869 ± 103	897 ± 70	902 ± 75
Control	829 ± 116	846 ± 90	879 ± 70
Fiber,6 g/d				0.21	0.05	0.46
Intervention	16 ± 4	16 ± 3	19 ± 4
Control	19 ± 6	18 ± 6	20 ± 3
Fruits,7 cups/d				0.23	0.18	0.45
Intervention	0.8 ± 0.6	0.8 ± 0.5	1.1 ± 0.5
Control	1.0 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.7
Vegetables, cups/d				0.18	0.23	0.53
Intervention	1.2 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 0.5
Control	1.1 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 1.2	1.5 ± 0.8

¹ n = 17 for each group. Values are means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. Intervention: blueberry + soluble fiber; control: standard prenatal care.

²Gestational week 16.0 ± 3.8 for intervention and 14.5 ± 4.4 for control.

³Gestational week 26.5 ± 1.3 for intervention and 26.0 ± 1.2 for control.

⁴Gestational week 34.0 ± 1.3 for intervention and 33.0 ± 2.3 for control.

⁵ P from mixed-model ANOVA.

⁶Excluding supplemental fiber in the intervention group.

⁷Excluding supplemental blueberries in the intervention group.