Table 1.
Characteristics of Enrolled Patients
| Variables | Number of Patients (N=192) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 76.5±7.9 |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Male | 155 (80.7) |
| Female | 37 (19.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5±4.5 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| Current smoker | 56 (29.2) |
| Ex-smoker | 122 (63.5) |
| Never smoker | 13 (7.3) |
| Comorbidities, n(%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 (9.4) |
| Heart failure | 17 (8.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 (5.2) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 18 (9.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 31 (16.1) |
| Hypertension | 67 (34.9) |
| Spirometry after bronchodilator | |
| FVC | 69.1±16.2 |
| FEV1 | 49.3±18.8 |
| Ratio of FEV1 to FVC | 47.5±13.3 |
| Maintenance inhaler medication | |
| LAMA | 24 (12.5) |
| LAMA+LABA | 53 (27.6) |
| LAMA+LABA+ICS | 58 (30.2) |
| ICS+LABA | 26 (13.5) |
| No use | 31 (16.1) |
| History of acute exacerbation in the last year | 56 (29.7) |
Note: Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or numbers (percentages).
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA, long-acting β2 agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid.