Table 3.
Comparison of Clinical Data Between Virus-Positive Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) and Virus-Negative AECOPD Groups
| Variables | All Events (N=262) |
Respiratory Virus – Positive Events (108) |
Respiratory Virus – Negative Events (154) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 75.4±7.5 | 76.3±7.9 | 76.5±7.2 | 0.804 |
| Male, n (%) | 220 (84.0) | 89 (82.4) | 131 (85.1) | 0.564 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 73 (27.9) | 26 (24.1) | 47 (30.5) | 0.252 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 21.3±4.2 | 21.1±3.4 | 21.4±4.6 | 0.619 |
| Symptoms at admission | 0.483 | |||
| Duration of symptom prior to admission | 4.2±3.4 | 4.4±3.3 | 4.1±3.5 | |
| Nasopharyngeal symptoms | 52 (19.8) | 29 (26.9) | 23 (14.9) | 0.017 |
| Increased cough | 69 (26.9) | 29 (28.4) | 40 (26.0) | 0.874 |
| Increased sputum production | 67 (25.6) | 34 (27.6) | 33 (21.4) | 0.066 |
| Dyspnea | 237 (90.5) | 100 (97.7) | 137 (89.0) | 0.21 |
| ICS use | 118 (45) | 57 (52.8) | 61 (39.6) | 0.035 |
| Frequent exacerbation | 45 (17.2) | 14 (13.0) | 31 (20.1) | 0.130 |
| Vital sign on admission | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 127.1±24.3 | 127.3±26.7 | 127.0±22.5 | 0.921 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 78.2±15.6 | 77.6±16.7 | 78.6±14.9 | 0.596 |
| Mean blood pressure | 110.8±20.7 | 110.7±22.8 | 110.9±19.1 | 0.955 |
| Heart rate | 95.2±21.5 | 95.5±23.1 | 94.9±20.4 | 0.829 |
| Respiration rate | 21.8±4.0 | 22.0±5.3 | 21.7±2.8 | 0.543 |
| Body temperature | 37.4±0.8 | 37.5±0.8 | 37.3±0.8 | 0.104 |
| Spirometry after bronchodilator | ||||
| FVC (% of predicted value) | 69.1±16.2 | 68.0±17.1 | 68.2±15.5 | 0.890 |
| FEV1 (% of predicted value) | 49.3±18.8 | 48.0±19.5 | 47.3±18.0 | 0.761 |
| Ratio of FEV1 to FVC (%) | 47.5±13.3 | 47.1±14.0 | 46.2±13.7 | 0.617 |
| Severity of COPD, n (%) | 0.499 | |||
| GOLD 1 | 16(6.2) | 8(7.5) | 8(5.2) | |
| GOLD 2 | 91(35) | 38(35.8) | 53(44.2) | |
| GOLD 3 | 106(40.8) | 38(35.8) | 68(44.2) | |
| GOLD 4 | 47(18.1) | 22(20.8) | 25(16.2) | |
| Bacterial infection | 56 (21.4) | 22 (23.1) | 34 (22.1) | 0.740 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Hospital stay, day | 11.4±8.2 | 11.7±9.4 | 11.2±7.3 | 0.610 |
| ICU admission | 20 | 6 (5.6) | 14 (9.1) | 0.289 |
| In hospital death | 13 (5.0) | 6 (5.6) | 7 (4.5) | 0.711 |
| Readmission in 3 months | 68 (25.5) | 22 (28.0) | 46 (29.9) | 0.084 |
Note: Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or numbers (percentages).
Abbreviations: ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; FEV, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICU, intensive care unit.