Table 2.

Advantages and limitations of current approaches for iPlatelet production.

Methods	Advantages	Limitations
OP9/C3H10T1/2 feeder system [39]	The cornerstone of hPSC-MK generation	Low platelet production Long induction period Potential xenogenous contamination
ES-sac system [35]	Identifies most effective cytokines during hPSC-MK generation The basis for efficient production of platelets	Long induction period Potential xenogenous contamination Low platelet production
EB formation system [40, 66]	Improves the efficiency of MK generationbased on the ES-sac system Combined with defined serum- and animal feeder-free conditions Provides evidence for the functionality of iPlatelets in vivo	Limited efficiency in platelet production
Feeder- or serum-free system [36]	Without pathogen contamination	Limited efficiency in platelet production
HLA-universal iPlatelets [38, 50, 67]	Shortens platelet production time Increases MKP yield Reduces the immunoreactivity of iPlatelets	Inevitable off-target effects or genome toxicity effects Limited efficiency in platelet production
imMKCLs [44, 49]	High stability and cryopreserved storage Widely used in future clinical applications Combined with a bioreactor system	High cost The potential risk of exogene integration
Other genetic manipulation [43]	Feasibility in genetic manipulation Discovers new critical factors that determine the fate of iPlatelets	Inevitable off-target effects Exogene integration may have some specific safety concerns in clinical treatment Limited efficiency in platelet production