Table 1.
Main epidemiological characteristics of 286 studies assessing the burden of infections caused by the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System target pathogens, by study design
| Cohort studies (%) N = 243 |
Case–control studies (%) N = 43 |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Paediatric, adults, elderly | 27 (11) | 2 (5) |
| Paediatric | 41 (17) | 5 (12) | |
| Adults and elderly | 175 (72) | 36 (84) | |
| Special population included (cancer, transplants, HIV, burned) | 29 (12) | 5 (12) | |
| Setting distinction | HAI vs. CAI vs. HCAI | 96 (39) | 25 (58) |
| Bacteria | Staphylococcus aureus | 62 (26) | 7 (16) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 49 (20) | 4 (9) | |
| Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae | 87 (36) | 27 (63) | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 34 (14) | 5 (12) | |
| Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. | 11 (5) | NA | |
| Comparisona | Resistant vs. susceptible | 143 (59) | 31 (72) |
| Resistant vs. susceptible versus uninfected | 5 (2) | 8 (19) | |
| Resistant vs. uninfected | 4 (2) | 2 (5) | |
| Survivors vs. non-survivors | 55 (23) | 2 (5) | |
| Infectionsb | Bloodstream infections | 200 (82) | 39 (91) |
| Other infectionsc | 42 (17) | 4 (9) | |
Details about the studies can be found in the supplementary material. HAI, hospital-acquired infection; CAI, community-acquired infections; HCAI, healthcare-associated infection; NA, not available.
Among cohort studies other types of comparison were: treatment group (9; 4%); clinical characteristics (5; 2%); different resistant pathogens (4; 2%); colonised patients with the same resistant pathogen (1 study); studies without comparison (17; 7%).
One study did not define the types of infection.
Urinary tract infection, low respiratory tract infection, central nervous system infection, intra-abdominal infection, skin and soft tissue infection, bone and joint infection.