Table 3.
Methodologic assessment in 243 cohort and 43 case-control studies
| Indicators | Cohort (%) N = 243 |
Case-control (%) N = 43 |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size assumption/justification | 89 (37) | 24 (56) |
| Ascertainment of exposure | 243 (100) | NA |
| History of previous infection with resistant bacteria | 34 (14) | 5 (12) |
| Hospital controls | NA | 29 (67) |
| Community controls | NA | 3 (7) |
| No description of controls | NA | 11 (25) |
| Descriptive statistics | 243 (100) | 43 (100) |
| Matching technique | 14 (6) | 25 (58) |
| Analysis accounting for matching | 6/14 (43) | 10/25 (40) |
| Multivariable regression model | 199 (82) | 33 (77) |
| Variables adjustments specified | 67/199 (34) | 21/33 (64) |
| Use of clinical scores to control for confoundinga | 141 (58) | 24 (56) |
| Survival analysis | 82 (34) | 16 (37) |
| Multistate models | 9/82 (11) | 2/16 (12) |
| Univariate results | 175 (72) | 36 (84) |
| Adjusted results | 159 (65) | 26 (60) |
| Reporting of significant results only (p < 0.05) | 38 (16) | 5 (12) |
| Follow-up after discharge | 37 (15) | 6 (14) |
Details about the studies can be found in the supplementary material. NA, not applicable.
a
Clinical scores: Charlson Comorbidity Index, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), McCabe–Jackson, American Society Anesthesiology (ASA) Severity Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Pediatric Risk Mortality (PRISM), Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI).