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The “Gua Oxidation” (GO), and the “Guo Oxidation” (GuoO) Systems for preventing the presence and persistence of 8-oxoGua in DNA and RNA, respectively, together with potential sources of urinary 8-oxoGua, 8-oxodG, and 8-oxoGuo. 8-oxoGua may occur in DNA and RNA either by direct oxidation of Gua in situ, or mis-incorporation of 8-oxodGTP, or 8-oxoGTP, respectively, from the 2′-deoxyribonucleotide, and ribonucleotide pools, respectively.
