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. 2021 May 11;12:2588. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22035-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a XRD patterns collected before/during/after heating to 3920 K at 46 GPa in run #1. Both iron and silicate were molten at the center of a laser-heated spot during heating. Hydrogen concentration in liquid metal was obtained from those in fcc FeH_X and ε-FeOOH. b Photomicrograph (left), secondary ion images for ¹H⁺, ²⁸Si⁺, and ⁴⁰Ca⁺ (middle), and a distribution map of water (right). Note the absence of hydrogen in metal because it escaped from iron upon releasing pressure. Hydrogen (water) content in quenched silicate melt was obtained with ±2% to ±7% relative uncertainty.