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. 2021 May 11;11:10039. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89409-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Wolbachia inhibits ZIKV and DENV tissue replication following oral-infection of field samples. Following the long-term establishment of Wolbachia in Jurujuba, field samples were brough to the laboratory and orally challenged with ZIKV and DENV, either fresh or frozen. Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of ZIKV and DENV replication was evaluated by comparing samples from Jurujuba (green) and Urca (grey), a Wolbachia-free non-targeted area in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro. Violin plots represent absolute quantifications of (A) DENV and (B) ZIKV titers in head/thorax extracts, at 14 dpi. Median and quartiles are depicted in solid and dashed red lines, respectively. The proportion of infected individuals are shown as fractions underneath. Wolbachia^– Jurujuba individuals were flagged by empty dots. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test highlighted differences between Urca and Jurujuba. Asterisks denote significant effects, with α equal to 0.05, and levels varying according to probability ranges: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Graph and statistics were made with GraphPad Prism 8 (https://www.graphpad.com).