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. 2021 May 11;11:10039. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89409-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Wolbachia-harboring field samples impair saliva transmission of ZIKV and DENV. ZIKV and DENV transmission by the saliva is affected by the presence of Wolbachia in Jurujuba. Saliva harvested from Wolbachia⁻Urca (grey) or Wolbachia⁺ Jurujuba samples (green), orally-challenged with ZIKV (A) or DENV (B), were intrathoracically injected into groups of naïve Urca individuals (n = 8) and consequent infection was determined at 5 dpi, for ZIKV, or at 7 dpi, for DENV. Groups are represented by stacked columns of infected (filled in grey) or non-infected individuals (clear), percent transformed. Viral titers of head/thorax extracts, of corresponding saliva samples, are shown at the top of each column. OISI, the overall saliva intrathoracic infection indexes (± SD) are represented at the right of each graph. Graphs were created and customized with GraphPad Prism 8 (https://www.graphpad.com).