Table 3.

Reported changes in shape of outer retinal cells in diabetes.

Species	Strain	Duration of diabetes	Type of Diabetes	Photoreceptor abnormality	RPE abnormality	Reference
Rats	Wistar	3 weeks	Streptozotocin (Type I diabetes)	Reduced cone cell OS and number	-	(Szabadfi et al., 2012)
Human	-	5–25 years	Unspecified	PDR patients having abnormal RPE fluorescence had thinner outer retina than patients with normal RPE fluorescence	PDR patients having abnormal RPE fluorescence had thinner outer retina than patients with normal RPE fluorescence	(Kang et al., 2016)
Human	-	Unspecified	Type I or II diabetes	Thinning of Outer Segments at foveal center in DME	-	(Ozkaya et al., 2017)
Human	-			IS/OS damage due to DME	-	(Muftuoglu et al., 2017a)
Human	-	Unspecified	Type II diabetes	Reduced thickness of ONL	-	(Tavares Ferreira et al., 2017)
Human	-	5–10 years or more	Type II diabetes	Reduced thickness of IS/OS	-	(Tavares Ferreira et al., 2016)
Human	-	Unspecified	Type I or II diabetes	Selective S-cone loss; Reduced ONL, IS, and OS thickness	Thinning of RPE	(Cho et al., 2000)
Human	-	Unspecified	Type I or II diabetes	Selective S-cone loss; Reduced ONL, IS, and OS thickness	Thinning of RPE	(Boynton et al., 2015)
Human	-	≥ 5 years	Type I and II diabetes	Reduced thickness in photoreceptor IS and OS	Thinning of RPE	(Bavinger et al., 2016)