Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the study population.
| Women (n = 271) | Men (n = 134) | Total (n = 405) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age [years] | ||||
| 65–69 | 46 (16.97) | 31 (23.13) | 77 (19.01) | p = 0.137 |
| 70–74 | 46 (16.97) | 24 (17.91) | 70 (17.28) | |
| 75–79 | 41 (15.13) | 10 (7.46) | 51 (12.59) | |
| 80–84 | 101 (37.27) | 46 (34.33) | 147 (36.30) | |
| 85 and more | 37 (13.65) | 23 (17.16) | 60 (14.81) | |
| Body mass [kg] | 69.27 (14.71) | 76.35 (14.48) | 71.61 (14.99) | p < 0.001 * |
| Height [cm] | 157.02 (6.62) | 169.08 (7.45) | 161.01 (8.94) | p < 0.001 * |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 28.03 (5.41) | 26.73 (4.89) | 27.6 (5.27) | p = 0.012 * |
| Underweight | 2 (0.74) | 2 (1.49) | 4 (0.99) | p = 0.014 * |
| Normal body weight | 82 (30.26) | 54 (40.30) | 136 (33.58) | |
| Overweight | 94 (34.69) | 51 (38.06) | 145 (35.80) | |
| Obesity | 93 (34.32) | 27 (20.15) | 120 (29.63) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 50 (18.45) | 59 (44.03) | 109 (26.91) | p < 0.001 * |
| Widow / widower | 157 (57.93) | 44 (32.84) | 201 (49.63) | |
| Divorced | 9 (3.32) | 13 (9.70) | 22 (5.43) | |
| Single | 55 (20.30) | 18 (13.43) | 73 (18.02) | |
| Education | ||||
| Basic | 122 (45.02) | 62 (46.27) | 184 (45.43) | p = 0.742 |
| Vocational | 64 (23.62) | 36 (26.87) | 100 (24.69) | |
| Secondary | 68 (25.09) | 27 (20.15) | 95 (23.46) | |
| Higher | 17 (6.27) | 9 (6.72) | 26 (6.42) | |
| Number of drugs | 5.02 (3.04) | 5.6 (3.34) | 5.21 (3.15) | p = 0.110 |
| ADL | 5.43 (0.87) | 5.48 (0.81) | 5.45 (0.85) | p = 0.713 |
| IADL | 9.36 (2.56) | 9.23 (2.76) | 9.32 (2.62) | p = 0.774 |
| Handgrip strength [kg] | 16.91 (6.95) | 26.19 (9.66) | 19.98 (9.06) | p < 0.001 * |
| Low grip strength cut off points a | 136 (50.18) | 74 (55.22) | 210 (51.85) | p = 0.396 |
| TUG [s] | 21.28 (15.21) | 18.41 (14.12) | 20.33 (14.9) | p = 0.043 * |
| BERG | 38.34 (14.56) | 39.25 (14.07) | 38.64 (14.39) | p = 0.766 |
BMI: body mass index, ADL: basic activities of daily living, IADL: instrumental activities of daily living, TUG: Timed up and go test, BERG: Berg Balance Test, n: sample size, SD: standard deviation.
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05), a Low grip strength cut-off points for women < 16 kg, cut off points for men < 27 kg.