Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of and difference in demographic variables of all study variables (M ± SD).

	QL	Depression	Anxiety	Worry	Anticipation	DO	TU	SS
Total	1.69 ± 1.20	3.42 ± 3.67	3.57 ± 4.02	6.78 ± 1.92	3.25 ± 1.42	22.77 ± 3.94	45.33 ± 7.97	13.23 ± 3.15
Gender
Male	1.68 ± 1.18	3.44 ± 3.88	3.32 ± 4.18	6.45 ± 2.13	3.18 ± 1.45	21.92 ± 4.13	43.72 ± 8.57	12.75 ± 3.41
Female	1.69 ± 1.20	3.41 ± 3.59	3.66 ± 3.95	6.90 ± 1.82	3.27 ± 1.41	23.09 ± 3.82	45.93 ± 7.65	13.41 ± 3.02
t	−0.43	0.26	−2.65**	−6.91***	−2.02	−9.20***	−8.45***	−6.35***
Cohen's d	—	—	−0.08	−0.23	—	−0.29	−0.27	−0.20
Current residence
Key regions	2.60 ± 1.46	4.21 ± 3.88	5.27 ± 4.94	7.59 ± 1.96	4.17 ± 1.63	22.01 ± 3.79	45.73 ± 7.51	13.22 ± 3.34
Non-key regions	1.68 ± 1.19	3.41 ± 3.66	3.54 ± 3.99	6.76 ± 1.92	3.23 ± 1.41	22.79 ± 3.94	45.32 ± 7.98	13.23 ± 3.14
t	5.69***	1.95	3.14**	3.85***	5.92***	−1.82	0.45	−0.03
Cohen's d	0.69	—	0.39	0.43	0.62	—	—	—
Family income
< ¥50,000 (1)	1.62 ± 1.16	3.36 ± 3.63	3.50 ± 3.91	6.68 ± 1.89	3.16 ± 1.37	22.54 ± 3.97	45.59 ± 8.03	12.91 ± 3.19
¥50,000–¥100,000 (2)	1.67 ± 1.18	3.38 ± 3.50	3.41 ± 3.80	6.79 ± 1.83	3.25 ± 1.40	23.20 ± 3.77	45.42 ± 7.61	13.51 ± 2.99
¥100,000–¥200,000 (3)	1.83 ± 1.26	3.62 ± 3.86	3.91 ± 4.47	6.98 ± 2.03	3.38 ± 1.48	22.49 ± 4.04	43.91 ± 8.10	13.63 ± 3.17
¥200,000–¥300,000 (4)	2.09 ± 1.37	3.68 ± 4.06	4.23 ± 4.38	7.31 ± 1.98	3.85 ± 1.64	22.96 ± 4.11	45.12 ± 8.37	13.87 ± 3.10
>¥300,000 (5)	1.99 ± 1.32	3.7 ± 4.51	4.26 ± 5.10	6.90 ± 2.53	3.64 ± 1.74	23.07 ± 4.22	45.43 ± 9.04	13.63 ± 3.37
F	11.65***	1.23	4.28**	6.38***	14.73***	7.93***	5.31***	14.75***
${\eta }_p^2$	0.01	—	0.003	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.004	0.01
Post-hoc tests (Bonferroni)	3 > 1; 4 > 1; 5 > 1; 4 > 2; 5 > 2	—	Ns	3 > 1; 4 > 1; 4 > 2;	3 > 1; 4 > 1; 4 > 2; 4 > 3; 5 > 1; 5 > 2	2 > 1; 2 > 3	1 > 3; 2 > 3	2 > 1; 3 > 1; 4 > 1; 5 > 1
Education level
Below college degree (1)	1.76 ± 1.21	4.00 ± 4.21	4.26 ± 4.64	6.48 ± 2.10	3.37 ± 1.49	22.25 ± 4.18	44.84 ± 8.60	12.62 ± 3.25
Undergraduate (2)	1.67 ± 1.18	3.34 ± 3.58	3.44 ± 3.87	6.76 ± 1.89	3.20 ± 1.39	22.83 ± 3.93	45.34 ± 7.94	13.27 ± 3.15
postgraduate (3)	2.25 ± 1.41	4.79 ± 4.83	6.24 ± 5.70	7.52 ± 2.31	4.36 ± 1.61	21.80 ± 3.91	45.66 ± 8.04	12.63 ± 2.93
F	21.18***	15.99***	45.78***	15.73***	59.77***	7.62***	0.50	7.33**
${\eta }_p^2$	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.003	—	0.003
Post-hoc tests (Bonferroni)	3 > 1; 3 > 2	3 > 2	1 > 2; 3 > 1; 3 > 2	3 > 1; 3 > 2	3 > 1; 3 > 2	2 > 3	—	2 > 3

^***p < 0.001,

^**p < 0.01.

QL, quarantine length; DO, dispositional optimism; TU, tolerance of uncertainty; SS, social support. The following are the same.