Table 1.

Summary of measures by action research phase.

Components	Tool	Participants	Timing of assessment
Phase 1: Problem Identification
Needs analysis	Qualitative assessment (one-on-one semi-structured interviews)	Healthcare staff (n ~ 15) D/deaf and hard of hearing individuals (n ~ 15)	Beginning of Phase 1
Qualitative assessment (semi-structured interviews)	Healthcare staff (n ~ 15) D/deaf and hard of hearing individuals (n ~ 15)	Beginning of Phase 1
Phase 2: Action Planning
No measure
Phases 3 and 4: Action implementation and Evaluation
Intervention Testing: Round 1
Participants' reactions: perception of intervention's content, quality and appropriateness, overall satisfaction	Adapted IMTEE questionnairea Qualitative assessment (focus group)	Healthcare staff receiving intervention 1 (n ~ 10)	After intervention 1
Intervention Testing: Round 2
Participants' reactions: perception of intervention's content, quality and appropriateness, overall satisfaction	Adapted IMTEE questionnairea Qualitative assessment (focus group)	Healthcare staff receiving intervention 2 (n ~ 50)	T1d T1
Changes in participants: perception of self-efficacy, attitudes toward skills taught during the intervention	Adapted IMTEE questionnaireb Qualitative assessment (focus group)		T0, T1, T2d T1
Organizational payoffs: frequency of use or intention to use skills taught in the intervention	Adapted IMTEE questionnairec Qualitative assessment (focus group)		T0, T1, T2d T1

^aParticipants will be asked to rate their satisfaction regarding the intervention and to evaluate its content, quality, and appropriateness using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not satisfied at all/improvement needed) to 5 (completely satisfied/very good).

^bParticipants will be asked to indicate the extent to which they agree with items using a 5-point Likert-scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree).

^cTo evaluate intentions to use the newly acquired skills, we will ask participants to indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with statements using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Regarding frequency of use, participants will be asked to indicate how often over the past 6 months they applied specific strategies, using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (most of the time).

^dT0 = before intervention 2; T1 = just after intervention 2; T2 = 6 months after intervention 2.