Fig. 2. Electrochemical properties of a single MSC in the integrated device.

a The scheme of one MSC in the integrated device. b CV curves measured at scan rates of 20–100 mV s⁻¹. c The galvanostatic charging/discharging curves of a single MSC with different current densities. d Galvanostatic charging/discharging curves of a group of three MSCs connected in parallel. The inset is the schematic diagram of parallel connecting details, where black dots are testing points. e CV curves of MSCs connected in parallel. f Galvanostatic charging/discharging curves of a group of three MSCs connected in series. The inset is the schematic diagram of serial connecting details, and the black dots are testing points. g CV curves of MSCs connected in series. h The specific capacitance of a single MSC calculated from the discharging time under different currents. i Power and energy densities of a single MSC unit. E and P represent energy density and power density, respectively.