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. 2021 May 11;12:2642. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22905-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Flow chart indicates main steps in determining if an ORF encodes a functional protein (light green ovals), is not protein-coding (red ovals), or is translated but with ambiguous protein-coding status (yellow oval), with cases for conserved non-overlapping, conserved overlapping, and non-conserved ORFs. Decisions are based on sequence features (blue rectangles), evolutionary signatures across Sarbecovirus (orange rectangles), within-strain variants (dark green rectangle), or experimental evidence (purple rectangles). Actual process considers additional details (Supplementary Note 2).