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. 2021 May 11;11:10019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89337-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals acquired from patients with gout were compared with synthetic MSU crystals. (a) Three-dimensional (3D) holotomographic image of MSU crystals embedded in the patient cells. The color bar indicates the 3D rendered RI distribution range (n = 1.340–1.440). Each square shows the x–y, y–z, or x–z plane. n: refractive index. Additionally, see Supplementary Movie S3. (b) Extensive monitoring of MSU crystals from a synovial fluid sample through stitch mode of holotomographic imaging (300 µm × 300 µm). The boxed region is enlarged in the lower panel. (c) Comparison of patient crystals with commercial MSU crystals (n = 96). Data are represented as the mean ± SD values. ***P < 0.001.