Table 6.

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of late treatment failure and evaluation of AMLF rescue therapy.

Case	Drug	Day of recurrence	Parasite load on recurrence	Fever (°C)	PCR correction	pfk13 allele	pfdhfr allele	pfdhps allele	Rescue therapy with AMLF
									ACPR	ETF	LTF
Case 1	ASSP	5	3642/µL	38.6	Recrudescence	Wild	AICNI	AGKAA	√	–	–
Case 2	ASSP	7	5082/µL	38	Recrudescence	Wild	ANRNI	SGKGT	√	–	–
Case 3	ASSP	21	27,419/µL	39.1	Recrudescence	N29L	AICNI	AGKAA	√	–	–
Case 4	ASSP	11	11,026/µL	39.4	Recrudescence	Wild	AICNI	AGKAA	√	–	–
Case 5	ASSP	7	4957/µL	38.4	Recrudescence	A675V	ANRNI	AGKAA	√	–	–
Case 6	ASSP	28	870/µL	37.9	Recrudescence	Wild	AIRNI	SGKGT	√	–	–
Case 7	ASSP	35	7350/µL	38.1	Recrudescence	Wild	ANRNI	SGKGT	√	–	–
Case 8	ASSP	32	512/µL	38.3	Recrudescence	Wild	ANRNI	AGKAA	√	–	–
Case 9	ASSP	28	51,154/µL	40.1	Re-infectiona	Wild	AIRNI	SGKGT	√	–	–
Case10	ASSP	21	16,822/µL	39.3	Recrudescence	Wild	AIRNI	AGKAA	√	–	–
Case11	ASSP	35	3092/µL	38	Re-infectiona	Wild	AIRNI	SGKGT	√	–	–
Case12	ASSP	14	5168/µL	38.8	Recrudescence	Wild	AIRNI	SGKGT	√	–	–

Underlined codons are mutant codons. ACPR, ETF and LTF respectively stand for adequate clinical parasitological response, early treatment failure and late treatment failure, whereas ASSP stand for artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and AMLF stands for artemether-lumefantrine. Parasite load was expressed as number of parasite/ micro liter of blood.

^aAfter PCR correction, case 9 and case 11 were identified as the case of parasite re-infection.