Table 2.
Comparison of Procedure Step Scores Before and After Training Period by Simulator Training and PGY Groupa
| Pretest Score | Posttest Score | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simulator group | |||
| DL | 20.5 ± 8.6 (16.4-24.7) | 23.5 ± 7.1 (20.0-26.9) | .1975 |
| VR | 21.2 ± 8.0 (17.3-25.0) | 25.1 ± 5.6 (22.4-27.7) | .1296 |
| Year group | |||
| PGY1 | 17.6 ± 9.9 (11.9-23.3) | 22.6 ± 7.7 (18.2-27.1) | .1590 |
| PGY2 | 17.2 ± 8.2 (6.9-27.5) | 22.2 ± 2.4 (19.2-25.2) | .2481 |
| PGY3 | 21.2 ± 6.3 (13.4-29.0) | 21.6 ± 7.4 (12.4-30.8) | .9497 |
| PGY4 | 26.8 ± 2.3 (24.0-29.6) | 28.8 ± 2.0 (26.2-31.3) | .2826 |
| PGY5 | 24.3 ± 5.6 (20.0-28.6) | 26.9 ± 4.9 (23.1-30.7) | .3773 |
| All residents | 20.8 ± 8.2 (18.2-23.5) | 24.3 ± 6.4 (22.2-26.4) | .0424 |
aData are reported as mean ± SD (95% CI). Bolded P values indicate statistically significant difference between groups (P < .05). DL, dry lab; PGY, postgraduate year; VR, virtual reality.