Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics
| Demographics | n | AKU (N = 416) | n | AKU endoscopy (N = 52) | n | Cincinnati controls (N = 25) | n | Cincinnati celiac (N = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 166 | 40% | 16 | 31% | 11 | 44% | 9 | 53% |
| Ethnicity (South-Asian) | 416 | 100% | 52 | 100% | ||||
| Ethnicity (Caucasian) | 24 | 96% | 17 | 100% | ||||
| Nutritional intervention | 189 | 45.43% | 52 | 100.00% | ||||
| Age at entry (mo) | 416 | 0.16 (0.07, 0.33) | 52 | 0.2 (0.07, 0.44) | ||||
| HAZ at entry | 414 | -1.61 (-2.41, -0.87) | 52 | -1.87 (-2.81, -1.09) | ||||
| WAZ at entry | 413 | -1.88 (-2.76, -1.16) | 51 | -2.12 (-3.15, -1.63) | ||||
| WHZ at entry | 349 | -1.24 (-1.99, -0.54) | 42 | -1.62 (-1.99, -0.96) | ||||
| Biomarkers 9 mo of agea | ||||||||
| Urine creatinine (umol/L) | 364 | 126.17 (88.23, 216.47) | 52 | 122.68 (77.82, 181.94) | ||||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 340 | 0.16 (0.06, 0.41) | 48 | 0.17 (0.08, 0.57) | ||||
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 340 | 17.75 (7.00, 37.00) | 48 | 21.50 (9.50, 54.00) | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 335 | 10.50 (9.50, 11.4) | 49 | 10.20 (9.00, 11.30) | ||||
| IGF1 (ng/mL) | 340 | 20.25 (12.44, 32.73) | 50 | 16.87 (6.65, 27.04) | ||||
| Prealbumin (mg/dL) | 317 | 14.20 (12.20, 16.70) | 30 | 13.65 (11.80, 16.10) | ||||
| AGP (mg/dL) | 340 | 101.6 (77.0, 136.0) | 48 | 111.0 (85.5, 139.5) | ||||
| Urine Claudin15 (ng/mL) | 364 | 1.35 (0.79, 2.43) | 52 | 1.31 (0.700, 2.40) | ||||
| GLP2 (pg/mL) | 321 | 1,208.9 (815.22, 1760.5) | 31 | 1,101.1 (754.7, 1411.6) | ||||
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 320 | 181.19 (102.51, 293.79) | 31 | 180.81 (94.06, 271.91) | ||||
| Stool myeloperoxidase (ng/mL) | 366 | 3,742.8 (1531, 9850) | 51 | 3,050 (979.5, 6475) | ||||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 343 | 64.96 (36.81 ,115.06) | 50 | 57.175 (35.5 ,113.03) | ||||
| IFNγ (pg/mL) | 343 | 7.48 (0.78 ,26.74) | 50 | 7.995 (0.84 ,39.72) | ||||
| At the time of endoscopy | ||||||||
| Age (y) | 52 | 1.7 (1.4, 1.9) | 25 | 5.4 (3.8, 6.8) | 17 | 7.3 (5.8,10) | ||
| HAZ | 52 | -3.2 (-3.6, -2.3) | 25 | 0.09 (-0.51, 0.8) | 17 | -0.2 (-0.61, 1.17) | ||
| WAZ | 52 | -2.9 (-3.5, -2.6) | 25 | -0.08 (-1.07, 0.8) | 17 | -0.04 (-0.78, 0.41) | ||
| WHZ | 52 | -2.2 (-2.6, -1.8) | ||||||
| 24 mo anthropometrics | ||||||||
| HAZ | 343 | -2.33 (-3.2, -1.51) | 51 | -2.82 (-3.36, -2.29) | ||||
| WAZ | 344 | -2.25 (-2.96, -1.51) | 51 | -2.89 (-3.54, -2.5) | ||||
| WHZ | 344 | -1.31 (-2.03, -0.62) | 51 | -1.91 (-2.48, -1.4) |
NOTE. Data are shown as n (%) or median (25th,75th).
AGP, Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein; GLP2, Glucagon Like Peptide 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
a
Biomarkers measured at 9 mo were measured in blood unless indicated elsewhere.