FIGURE 1.

Biogenesis and uptake of exosomes (A) the exosomes originate from the invagination of the plasma membrane, followed by the formation of ESE, LSE, MVB (contain ILVs), and ultimately be released through the fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane (B) the uptake of exosomes may involve directly fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, clathrin-coated pits and lipid raft. In addition, exosomes can interact with cells via directly binding way (C) the contents of exosomes in sepsis include proteins, nucleic acids, cytokines, chemokines, PAMPs, and DAMPs.