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. 2021 Apr 28;12:671164. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671164

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Copyright © 2021 Qiu, Zhou, Zhang, Dong and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Role of exosomes derived from DC and lymphocyte in sepsis. (A) IDC-derived exosomes promote MFGE8-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophage. DC-derived exosomes can activate antigen-specific T cells according to antigen presentation described above. In addition, miR-146 in DC-derived exosomes alleviate inflammatory response of recipient DC via inhibiting IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB^①, while exosomal miR-155 aggravate inflammatory response by suppressing BACH1 and SHIP1^② signaling pathways. (B) exosomes derived from Treg induce an immune tolerance phenotype of DC and inhibit T cell proliferation. Exosomes released by CD8+ T cell inhibit the ability of DC to activate T cells and induce DC apoptosis. However, exosomes derived B cell can activate T cell, and also be used as drug carrier of immunotherapy.