Table 1.
Sociodemographic data and clinical characteristics of the participants (N=11).
| Variables | Values | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 64.45 (12.58) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | |||
|
|
Male | 7 (64) | |
|
|
Female | 4 (36) | |
| Race, n (%) | |||
|
|
Chinese | 10 (91) | |
|
|
Indian | 1 (9) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
|
|
Married | 9 (82) | |
|
|
Unmarried, widowed, divorced, or separated | 2 (18) | |
| Highest education level, n (%) | |||
|
|
Primary school or no formal education | 7 (64) | |
|
|
Tertiary (university, ITEa, polytechnic, or junior college) | 4 (36) | |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||
|
|
Working part time or full time | 6 (55) | |
|
|
Not working or retired | 5 (45) | |
| Monthly household income, SGDb (US $), n (%) | |||
|
|
<1000 (745) | 6 (55) | |
|
|
1000-3000 (745-2236) | 1 (9) | |
|
|
3001-5000 (2237-3727) | 2 (18) | |
|
|
>5000 (3727) | 2 (18) | |
| Main caregiver, n (%) | |||
|
|
Family | 8 (73) | |
|
|
Other (maid, friend, or alone) | 3 (27) | |
| Type of housing, n (%) | |||
|
|
2-3 rooms | 3 (27) | |
|
|
4-5 rooms | 6 (55) | |
|
|
Executive maisonette, private, or landed | 2 (18) | |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 2 (18) | ||
| Smoking (in the past 4 weeks), n (%) | 1 (9) | ||
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 0 (0) | ||
| The New York Heart Association Functional Classification, n (%) | |||
|
|
I-II (mild to moderate) | 1 (9) | |
|
|
III-IV (severe) | 10 (91) | |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 9 (82) | ||
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 7 (64) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (55) | ||
| High cholesterol, n (%) | 7 (64) | ||
aITE: institute of technical education.
bSGD: Singapore dollars.