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. 2021 May 5;12:21501327211015592. doi: 10.1177/21501327211015592

Table 2.

Summary of Reasons for Retraction.

Reason for retraction Number of publications
Unknown 22
Duplication 12
Reporting/analysis 9
Data integrity 7
Other 6
IRB/privacy 5
Plagiarism 3
Methodology 2
Author consent 2