Table 3.
Contingency Table of Reason for Retraction based on Study Type.
| Study type | Reason for retraction | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Duplication | Reporting/analysis | Data integrity | Other | IRB/privacy | Plagiarism | Author consent | Methodology | ||
| Cohort | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 13 | ||||
| Unknown | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 11 | |||||
| Expert opinion | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |||||
| Biological simulation/modeling | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||||
| Case-control | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | ||||||
| Public health modeling | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||
| Cross-sectional | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | ||||||
| Case series | 2 | 2 | 4 | |||||||
| Case report | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| Clinical trial | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Review | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Theoretical | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Total | 22 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 68 |