Table 2.
Multivariable Models of Transgender-related Discrimination and Substance Use Outcomes
| OUTCOME 1: SUBSTANCE USE | OUTCOME 2: SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER | OUTCOME 3: SUBSTANCE USE TREATMENT | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Model 1 | Bivariate | Model 2 | Bivariate | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
| B | 95% CI | P | aB | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | aOR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
| TGR | ||||||||||||||||||
| Discrimination | ||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- |
| Low to moderate | 0.26 | −0.67–1.18 | 0.585 | 0.33 | −0.60–1.26 | 0.49 | 1.17 | 0.73–3.98 | 0.22 | 1.50 | 0.60–3.73 | 0.38 | 1.43 | 0.60–3.41 | 0.43 | 1.59 | 0.61–4.10 | 0.34 |
| Moderate to high | 0.66 | −0.24–1.57 | 0.152 | 0.40 | −0.57–1.36 | 0.42 | 2.44 | 1.11–5.37 | 0.02 | 2.12 | 0.87–5.14 | 0.09 | 2.15 | 0.97–4.80 | 0.06 | 2.49 | 1.01–6.20 | 0.05 |
| High | 2.14 | 1.19–3.08 | <0.0001 | 1.44 | 0.36–2.53 | 0.009 | 3.71 | 1.71–8.06 | 0.001 | 3.64 | 1.46–9.07 | 0.006 | 3.41 | 1.56–7.44 | 0.002 | 3.93 | 1.50–10.21 | 0.005 |
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||||||||||||||||
| Age (in years) | −0.03 | −0.06–(−0.01) | 0.042 | −0.04 | −0.07–(−0.01) | 0.007 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 0.10 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.29 | 1.04 | 1.02–1.06 | <0.0001 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.07 | <0.0001 |
| Gender Identity | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trans feminine | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- |
| Trans masculine | −0.70 | −1.41–0.01 | 0.05 | −0.44 | −1.19–0.32 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.26–0.74 | 0.002 | 0.50 | 0.28–0.89 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.27–0.78 | 0.004 | 0.87 | 0.47–1.62 | 0.66 |
| Race | ||||||||||||||||||
| White | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- |
| Person of color | 1.29 | 0.43–2.15 | 0.003 | 1.00 | 0.07–1.93 | 0.03 | 0.37 | 0.16–0.88 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.14–0.98 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 0.59–2.17 | 0.70 | 0.88 | 0.40–1.96 | 0.76 |
| Survey Mode | ||||||||||||||||||
| In-person | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- |
| Online | −3.55 | −5.10–(−2.00) | <0.0001 | −3.17 | −4.81–(−1.54) | <0.0001 | 0.80 | 0.27–2.36 | 0.68 | 0.88 | 0.25–3.08 | 0.85 | 0.20 | 0.09–0.45 | <0.0001 | 0.17 | 0.06–0.46 | <0.00 01 |
| VICTIMIZATION | ||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood Abuse | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- |
| Yes | 1.06 | 0.37–1.75 | 0.003 | 0.63 | −0.11–1.38 | 0.09 | 1.54 | 0.89–2.65 | 0.12 | 0.98 | 0.52–1.86 | 0.96 | 1.77 | 0.99–3.13 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.50-1.91 | 0.93 |
| IPV - Lifetime | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- | 1.00 | ---- | ---- |
| Yes | 1.93 | 1.20–2.67 | <0.0001 | 1.58 | 0.81–2.36 | <0.0001 | 3.83 | 2.26–6.48 | <0.0001 | 3.05 | 1.70–5.48 | <0.0001 | 2.27 | 1.33–3.87 | 0.003 | 1.46 | 0.79–2.70 | 0.22 |
| Other Discrimination | 0.04 | −0.16–0.24 | 0.70 | −0.41 | −0.65–(−0.17) | 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.45 | 0.92 | 0.77–1.11 | 0.39 | 1.04 | 0.89–1.21 | 0.63 | 0.98 | 0.82–1.18 | 0.88 |
B = Beta Coefficient; aB = Adjusted beta coefficient; aOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio; OR = Odds Ratio; TGR = Transgender-related; IPV = Intimate partner violence
Note. All models adjusted for age, gender identity, race, survey modality, and childhood physical and sexual abuse, and intimate partner violence. White connotes non-Hispanic white individuals. Childhood abuse includes physical or sexual abuse. Other reasons for discrimination include one or more of the following: age, HIV status, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, physical disability, education or income level, weight, and other aspect of your physical appearance.
Sample sizes: Model 1 = 530; Model 2 = 533; Model 3 = 528