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. 2019 Nov 5;7(1):362–384. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2019.1682587

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 11. — Two approaches of incorporating observable behavioral variable in a system: (a) behavior as a constituent in a system and (b) behavior as an emergent phenomenon.