Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics in overall population
| Variable | All patients (n = 6531) | Smoking status | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers (n = 2896) | Ex-smokers (n = 2373) | Current smokers (n = 1262) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 61.4 (9.2) | 62.8 (9.3) | 60.7 (8.9) | 59.6 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1060 (16.2) | 882 (30.5) | 117 (4.9) | 61 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, median (quartile) | 24.5 (22.6, 26.7) | 24.4 (22.5, 26.5) | 24.6 (22.8, 27.0) | 24.7 (22.8, 26.9) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2225 (34.1) | 1067 (36.8) | 674 (28.4) | 484 (38.4) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3571 (54.7) | 1629 (56.3) | 1245 (52.5) | 697 (55.2) | 0.021 |
| Hyperlipemia, n (%) | 2101 (32.2) | 684 (23.6) | 834 (35.1) | 583 (46.2) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 128 (2.0) | 73 (2.5) | 37 (1.6) | 18 (1.4) | 0.014 |
| COPD, n (%) | 108 (1.7) | 39 (1.3) | 51 (2.1) | 18 (1.4) | 0.059 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 281 (4.3) | 119 (4.1) | 129 (5.4) | 33 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
| Carotid disease, n (%) | 1061 (16.2) | 443 (15.3) | 428 (18.0) | 190 (15.1) | 0.012 |
| Cerebrovascular accident, n (%) | 576 (8.8) | 290 (10.0) | 177 (7.5) | 109 (8.6) | 0.005 |
| Creatinine, median (quartile), umol/dL | 82.0 (70.0, 97.0) | 80.6 (67.0, 96.0) | 83.0 (72.0, 98.0) | 84.0 (72.2, 96.9) | 0.583 |
| Left main CAD, n (%) | 1800 (27.6) | 907 (31.3) | 569 (24.0) | 324 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
| Triple vessel disease, n (%) | 4531 (69.4) | 2284 (78.9) | 1499 (63.2) | 748 (59.3) | < 0.001 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 2787 (42.7) | 1110 (38.3) | 1112 (46.9) | 565 (44.6) | < 0.001 |
| PTCA history, n (%) | 844 (12.9) | 402 (13.9) | 295 (12.4) | 147 (11.6) | 0.096 |
| CCS class | < 0.001 | ||||
| NA, n (%) | 1274 (19.5) | 584 (20.2) | 462 (19.5) | 228 (18.1) | |
| I, n (%) | 914 (14.0) | 514 (17.7) | 267 (11.3) | 133 (10.5) | |
| II, n (%) | 2196 (33.6) | 945 (32.6) | 851 (35.9) | 400 (31.7) | |
| III, n (%) | 1720 (26.3) | 718 (24.8) | 621 (26.2) | 381 (30.2) | |
| IV, n (%) | 427 (6.5) | 135 (4.7) | 172 (7.2) | 120 (9.5) | |
| LVEF, Mean (SD), % | 42.1 (5.3) | 42.3 (5.4) | 42.1 (5.3) | 41.9 (5.4) | 0.09 |
| NYHA class | < 0.001 | ||||
| I, n (%) | 938 (14.4) | 387 (13.4) | 387 (16.3) | 164 (13.0) | |
| II, n (%) | 2365 (36.2) | 1016 (35.1) | 893 (37.6) | 456 (36.1) | |
| III, n (%) | 2846 (43.6) | 1340 (46.3) | 943 (39.7) | 563 (44.6) | |
| IV, n (%) | 382 (5.8) | 153 (5.3) | 150 (6.3) | 79 (6.3) | |
| Prior cardiovascular surgery, n (%) | 86 (1.3) | 34 (1.2) | 36 (1.5) | 16 (1.3) | 0.546 |
| Elective surgery, n (%) | 6303 (96.5) | 2811 (97.1) | 2282 (96.2) | 1210 (95.9) | 0.083 |
| Preoperative IABP, n (%) | 196 (3.0) | 88 (3.0) | 62 (2.6) | 46 (3.6) | 0.219 |
| Number of graft, Median (quartile) | 4 (3, 4) | 4 (4, 5) | 4 (3, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | < 0.001 |
| Off-pump surgery, n (%) | 1224 (18.7) | 328 (11.3) | 583 (24.6) | 313 (24.8) | < 0.001 |
| EuroSCORE | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0–2, n (%) | 1626 (24.9) | 500 (17.3) | 714 (30.1) | 412 (32.6) | |
| 3–5, n (%) | 3323 (50.9) | 1525 (52.7) | 1200 (50.6) | 598 (47.4) | |
| 6 plus, n (%) | 1582 (24.2) | 871 (30.1) | 459 (19.3) | 252 (20.0) | |
BMI body mass index, CAD coronary vascular disease, CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, LFEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MI myocardial infarction, NA not available, NYHA New York Heart Association, PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, SD standard deviation