Skip to main content
. 2021 May 12;21:217. doi: 10.1186/s12876-021-01806-5

Table 4.

Prevalence of intestinal constipation and its association with water intake and fiber-rich food sources in adults with obesity class II and III (n = 150)

Variables Frequency Prevalence of constipation PR (CI95%) p-value
n (%) n (%)
Liters of water per day 0.687*
 > 2 L 66 (44.00) 15 (22.73) 1.06 (0.46–2.46)
 2 L 28 (18.67) 6 (21.43) 1
 < 2 L 56 (37.33) 16 (28.57) 1.33 (0.58–3.04)
Raw salad1 0.251*
 No 81 (54.00) 23 (28.40) 1.40 (0.78–2.51)
 Yes 69 (46.00) 14 (20.29) 1
Cooked/braised vegetables1 0.369*
 No 109 (72.67) 29 (26.61) 1.36 (0.68–2.74)
 Yes 41 (27.33) 8 (19.51) 1
Fresh fruits1 0.710*
 No 110 (73.33) 28 (25.45) 1.13 (0.58–2.19)
 Yes 40 (26.67) 9 (22.50) 1
Whole grains1 0.057**
 No 126 (84.00) 35 (27.78) 3.33 (0.85–13.00)
 Yes 24 (16.00) 2 (8.33) 1

*Pearson's χ2 test. **Fisher's exact test. PR: prevalence ratio. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval. 1Accessed as daily consumption (yes or no)