Table 2.
Percentage of low subjective well-being by background characteristics among older adults in India
| Background characteristics | LSWB (%) |
Chi-square p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Headship status | 0.001 | |
| Nominal | 58.0 | |
| Functional | 22.8 | |
| Age group (years) | 0.001 | |
| 60–69 | 22.1 | |
| 70–79 | 26.3 | |
| 80+ | 33.4 | |
| Sex | 0.001 | |
| Male | 22.0 | |
| Female | 30.5 | |
| Educational attainment | 0.001 | |
| Not educated | 33.7 | |
| 5 years or less | 25.9 | |
| 6–10 years | 13.7 | |
| 11+ years | 12.0 | |
| Marital status | 0.001 | |
| Not in union | 30.0 | |
| Currently in union | 21.1 | |
| Children co-residing | 0.001 | |
| No | 29.5 | |
| Yes | 22.1 | |
| Working status (last 1 year) | 0.001 | |
| Not working | 31.0 | |
| Working | 20.5 | |
| Retired | 6.7 | |
| Community involvement | 0.001 | |
| No | 37.7 | |
| Yes | 21.4 | |
| Trust over someone | 0.001 | |
| No | 41.6 | |
| yes | 20.8 | |
| Self-rated health | 0.001 | |
| Good | 12.4 | |
| Poor | 34.6 | |
| Psychological distress | 0.001 | |
| Low | 15.2 | |
| High | 60.0 | |
| Chronic morbidity | 0.001 | |
| No | 21.0 | |
| Yes | 26.4 | |
| Disability | 0.001 | |
| No | 14.8 | |
| Yes | 28.4 | |
| Wealth status | 0.001 | |
| Poorest | 44.7 | |
| Poorer | 31.7 | |
| Middle | 17.4 | |
| Richer | 11.8 | |
| Richest | 7.7 | |
| Religion | 0.001 | |
| Hindu | 26.1 | |
| Muslim | 26.5 | |
| Sikh | 8.8 | |
| Others | 22.4 | |
| Caste | 0.001 | |
| Scheduled Tribe | 31.0 | |
| Scheduled Caste | 28.5 | |
| Other Backward Class | 25.2 | |
| Others | 19.0 | |
| Type of residence | 0.001 | |
| Rural | 25.1 | |
| Urban | 22.5 | |
| State | 0.001 | |
| Himachal Pradesh | 11.0 | |
| Punjab | 9.5 | |
| West Bengal | 47.8 | |
| Orissa | 26.8 | |
| Maharashtra | 33.6 | |
| Kerala | 11.5 | |
| Tamil Nadu | 32.5 | |
| Total | 24.3 | |