Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Sample.
| Variables | Reversal with Neostigmine (n = 7,800) |
Reversal with Sugammadex (n = 2,691) |
|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 52 (16) | 51 (17) |
| Body mass index in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.8 (8.1) | 29.9 (8.1) |
| Weight in kg, mean (SD) | 89.0 (27.4) | 89.4 (27.1) |
| Sex (%) | ||
| Female | 4,163 (53.4%) | 1,414 (52.6%) |
| ASA Classifications (%) | ||
| I | 289 (3.7%) | 145 (5.4%) |
| II | 2,765 (35.5%) | 843 (31.3%) |
| III | 4,462 (57.2%) | 1,601 (59.5%) |
| IV & V | 284 (3.6%) | 102 (3.8%) |
| ASA Emergency (%) | 627 (8.0%) | 294 (10.9%) |
| Primary Surgeon Volume (%) | ||
| high-volume | 6,318 (81.0%) | 1,890 (70.2%) |
| Primary Attending Anesthesiologist Volume (%) | ||
| high-volume | 4,832 (62.0%) | 1,085 (40.3%) |
| Surgery Duration in mins, median (Interquartile Range) | 176 (127–247) | 190 (130–268) |
| Hospital Length of Stay in days, median (Interquartile Range) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) |
| Intraoperative Tidal Volume (median volume per ideal body weight) in mL/kg, median (Interquartile Range) | 8.3 (7.4–9.4) | 7.5(6.8–8.3) |
| Intraoperative Opioid Administration (morphine equivalents) in mg/kg · h, median (Interquartile Range) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) |
| Surgical Service (%) | ||
| General Surgery | 4,515 (57.9%) | 1,361 (50.6%) |
| Oncology Surgery | 1,202 (15.4%) | 376 (14.0%) |
| Trauma Surgery | 912 (11.7%) | 364 (13.5%) |
| Emergency General Surgery | 320 (4.1%) | 306 (11.4%) |
| Vascular Surgery | 500 (6.4%) | 171 (6.4%) |
| Hepatobiliary Surgery | 312 (4.0%) | 107 (4.0%) |
| Others | 39 (0.5%) | 6 (0.2%) |
| Normal Business Hours Surgery (%) | ||
| Yes | 6,823 (87.5%) | 2,495 (92.7%) |
| Selected Elixhauser comorbidities (%) | ||
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 399 (5.1%) | 436 (16.2%) |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 243 (3.1%) | 162 (6.0%) |
| Paralysis | 28 (0.4%) | 20 (0.7%) |
| Liver Disease | 308 (4.0%) | 381 (14.2%) |
| Cardiac Arrhythmia | 432 (5.6%) | 448 (16.7%) |
| Year of Surgery | ||
| 2010 | 974 (12.5%) | - |
| 2011 | 1,080 (13.9%) | - |
| 2012 | 1,074 (13.8%) | - |
| 2013 | 1153 (14.8%) | - |
| 2014 | 1,085 (13.9%) | - |
| 2015 | 1,121 (14.3%) | - |
| 2016 | 1,064 (13.6%) | 3 (0.1%) |
| 2017 | 241 (3.1%) | 921 (34.2%) |
| 2018 | 8 (0.1%) | 1,121 (41.7%) |
| 2019 | - | 646 (24.0%) |
| Pulmonary Complications Rate (%) | ||
| Pneumonia | 249 (3.2%) | 57 (2.1%) |
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 84 (1.1%) | 29 (1.1%) |
| Unplanned intubation | 128 (1.6%) | 28 (1.0%) |