Table 1.
Characteristics of study patients by presence/absence of pneumonia
| Total (N = 6483) |
COVID-19 without pneumonia (N = 5404) |
COVID-19 with pneumonia (N = 1079) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients characteristics | p-value | ||||||
| Gender | <.0001 | ||||||
| Male: N (%) | 3095 | (47.74%) | 2479 | (45.87%) | 616 | (57.09%) | |
| Age classes | <.0001 | ||||||
| 14 ≤ Age < 45 years: N (%) | 1781 | (27.47%) | 1672 | (30.94%) | 109 | (10.10%) | |
| 45 ≤ Age < 55 years: N (%) | 1387 | (21.39%) | 1200 | (22.21%) | 187 | (17.33%) | |
| 55 ≤ Age < 65 years: N (%) | 1316 | (20.30%) | 1076 | (19.91%) | 240 | (22.24%) | |
| 65 ≤ Age < 75 years: N (%) | 963 | (14.85%) | 743 | (13.75%) | 220 | (20.39%) | |
| Age ≥ 75 years | 1036 | (15.98%) | 713 | (13.19%) | 323 | (29.97%) | |
| Smoking statusa | <.0001 | ||||||
| Never smoked: N (%) | 3635 | (86.24%) | 2987 | (85.22) | 648 | (91.27%) | |
| Ever smoked: N (%) | 580 | (13.76%) | 518 | (14.78%) | 62 | (8.73%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension: N (%) | 1821 | (28.09%) | 1405 | (26.00%) | 416 | (38.55%) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes: N (%) | 537 | (8.28%) | 388 | (7.18%) | 149 | (13.81%) | <.0001 |
| Asthma: N (%) | 319 | (4.92%) | 252 | (4.66%) | 67 | (6.21%) | 0.0320 |
| Obesityb: N (%) | 765 | (11.80%) | 594 | (10.99%) | 171 | (15.85%) | <.0001 |
| COPD: N (%) | 420 | (6.48%) | 323 | (5.98%) | 97 | (8.99%) | 0.0002 |
| CAD: N (%) | 297 | (4.58%) | 220 | (4.07%) | 77 | (7.14%) | <.0001 |
| CVD: N (%) | 309 | (4.77%) | 236 | (4.37%) | 73 | (6.77%) | 0.0007 |
| Comorbidities number | |||||||
| 0: N (%) | 3664 | (56.52%) | 3200 | (59.22%) | 465 | (43.00%) | <.0001 |
| 1: N (%) | 1652 | (25.48%) | 1340 | (24.80%) | 312 | (28.92%) | |
| 2: N (%) | 791 | (12.20%) | 585 | (10.83%) | 206 | (19.09%) | |
| 3+: N (%) | 376 | (5.80%) | 279 | (5.16%) | 97 | (8.99%) | |
| PM10c | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 24.06 | (7.31) | 23.59 | (7.22) | 26.40 | (7.32) | <.0001 |
| Median (Q1; Q3) | 23.40 | (17.78; 30.38) | 22.94 | (17.52; 29.74) | 28.56 | (20.30; 32.45) | |
SD standard deviation; Q1 first quartile; Q3 third quartile
a Calculated on 4215 subjects with smoking habits available information
b Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m2 or ICD-9 in 278.0x, 278.00, 278.01
c PM10 exposure during the month preceding the Index Date measured as a continuous variable