Fig. 2.

Various strategies: (a) SCNT reprogramming, (b) somatic cell fusion, and (c) induced pluripotency to reprogram patient-specific somatic cells to generate cells for regenerative medicine. Genetic methods viz., nucleic acids (NA), synthetic mRNA, non-nucleic methods (proteins and small molecules), and epigenetic modifiers such as vitamin C, 5-azacytidine, trichostatin A, valproic acid, sodium butyrate assist genome reprogramming. Compared to other methods, SCNT is a safe approach to generate NT-ESCs, which can be de-differentiated into other cell types