Table 1.
Elements of CETA.
| Element | Simplified Name (Used in training) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Psychoeducation and Engagement | Introduction and Encouraging | • Focus on obstacles to engagement |
| Participation | • Linking program to assisting with client’s problems | |
| • Includes family when appropriate | ||
| • Program information (duration, content, expectations) | ||
| • Normalization/validation of current symptoms/problems | ||
| Anxiety management strategies | Relaxation | Strategies to improve physiological stress |
| • Examples include: deep breathing, meditation, muscle relaxation, and imagery. Others added by local cultures. | ||
| Behavioral Activation | Getting Active (GA) | • Identifying and engaging in pleasurable, mood-boosting, or efficacy-increasing activities |
| Cognitive Coping/Restructuring | Thinking in a Different Way – Part I and Part II (TDW1 and TDW2) | • Understand association between thoughts, feelings, and behavior • Learn to restructure thinking to be more accurate and/or helpful |
| Imaginal Gradual Exposure | Talking about Trauma Memories (TDM) | • Facing feared and avoided memories in detail • Gradual desensitization/exposure |
| Problem Solving* | Problem Solving | • Step-by-step guidance on basic problem solving |
| Suicide/Homicide/Danger Assessment and Planning | Safety | • Assessing client risk for suicide, homicide, and domestic violence |
| • Developing a focused plan with the client and client’s family (when appropriate) | ||
| • Additional referral/reporting when needed | ||
| CBT for Substance Use and Relapse Prevention** | Substance Use Element (SU) | • Utilizes concepts of Motivational Interviewing to get client buy-in to change substance use/abuse behavior. |
*
Problem Solving was used only in Thailand.
**
CBT for substance use was added after these trials (not trails), and evaluated in Ukraine and Zambia