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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2021 Jan 9;35(4):107852. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107852

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Schematic of key steps in the sphingolipid pathway & plasma 1-deoxydihydroceramide concentrations (A) Incorporating alanine instead of serine in the first step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis by SPT generates atypical 1-deoxysphingolipids that cannot be metabolized to downstream endogenous sphingolipids. (B–H) Quantification of plasma concentrations of individual 1-deoxydihydroceramide species in in lean (n = 19, blue), obese (n = 19, green), ob/T2D (n = 18, orange), and ob/T2D/DN (n = 19, red) participants: (B) C16:0 1-deoxydihydroceramide, (C) C18:0 1-deoxydihydroceramide, (D) C20:0 1-deoxydihydroceramide, (E) C22:0 1-deoxydihydroceramide, (F) C24:l 1-deoxydihydroceramide, and (G) C24:0 1-deoxydihydroceramide. Panel (H) shows total 1-deoxydihydroceramide concentrations for the four groups. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) for 1-deoxydihydroceramides across the four groups (lean, obese, ob/T2D, ob/T2D/DN) was 0.41, p = 0.0002.